Categories of Sunnah and its role in explaining and elaborating the Quran
The Noble Quran was sent down to the Prophet, sallallaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam. It included all the purposes and goals for which he was sent in general terms and therefore they require an explanation and interpretation. Then what about the role that the Sunnah plays in explaining the rules and regulations of the Noble Quran? What are the categories of the Sunnnah?
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The categories of the Sunnah and its role in elaborating and clarifying the Quran is a great long research that cannot be included in this Fatwa only. However, we will mention some guidelines that can guide you to what you ask and show you how the Sunnah clarifies the Noble Quran and how it is closely connected to it. Actually, the Sunnah is of three categories and they are as follows: The first category confirms and clarifies the Quran, as it was narrated on the authority of The second category clarifies what is in the Quran, which has many aspects, and they are as follows: 1. Explaining its general terms, such as explaining the number of Rak‘ahs of the Prayers and everything that is related to it, explaining the rules of Hajj and ‘Umrah, and the like. 2. Specifying its general terms, such as specifying the forbidden kinds of trading and deducing them from the verse in which Allaah The Almighty Says (what means): { 3. Qualifying its absolute statements, such as qualifying the verse in which Allaah The Almighty Says (what means): { 4. Clarifying the ambivalent, such as clarifying the verse in which Allaah The Almighty Says (what means): { 5. Expanding its brevity, such as mentioning the details of the story of the Companions of the Trench which the Noble Quran mentioned in brief. 6. Abrogating some of the rulings of the Quran, such as abrogating the ruling of bequeathing to parents and heirs in general, where Allaah The Almighty Says (what means): { 7. Building a ruling according to a principle set in the Quran; such as prohibiting consuming one another's property unjustly in the prohibited contracts even if this is done by mutual consent. Allaah The Almighty Says (what means): { The third category obligates or forbids a ruling that is not mentioned in the Quran; such as the obligation of giving the Zakaah of Al-Fitr, prohibiting a man from marrying a woman while he is married to her paternal or maternal aunt, prohibiting eating the flesh of every wild animal having canine teeth and every bird having a talon, prohibiting men from wearing gold or silk garments and the like. Allaah Knows best.
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